Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) represents the direct expenses related to producing goods sold by a company. This encompasses the material costs and labor directly involved in creating products and services. COGS does not account for indirect expenses like distribution and sales force costs. We offer two variations of COGS to accommodate different analytical needs: CostG and CostG_GAAP.
CostG reflects the traditional calculation of COGS, focusing solely on the direct costs associated with production. This version is calculated as:
CostG = Direct Materials + Direct Labor. It's primarily used when analyzing a company's core operational efficiency, excluding the effects of depreciation and amortization.
CostG_GAAP, on the other hand, includes depreciation and amortization expenses in addition to the direct costs. This calculation aligns with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and is formulated as:
CostG_GAAP = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Depreciation + Amortization. This version is particularly useful for investors and traders seeking a more comprehensive view of a company's cost structure, including the consumption of capital and intangible assets over time.
The choice between CostG and CostG_GAAP depends on your trading or investment strategy. If you're focusing on short-term operational efficiencies and cost control, CostG might be more relevant. However, for a holistic, long-term investment analysis that accounts for the depreciation of physical assets and amortization of intangible assets, CostG_GAAP provides a more complete picture.
Source and Availability
The data points come from SEC filings or earnings announcements of a company (click here for the line-item reference spreadsheet). Since the data is "standardized" by the data provider the exact number may not exist in the original source. The data is usually a single line-item (see the link at the end for an excel spreadsheet with details). There are two access methods: prebuilt factors and using a function syntax.
When using the function syntax you specify the historical period using parameters in parenthesis as follows:
function(offset,type[,NAHandling])
offset: 0-20 (for interim) 0-10 (for annual)
type: QTR (for interim), ANN (for annual), TTM (for trailing twelve months)
NAHandling: [FALLBACK],KEEPNA,ZERONA
For types QTR & ANN the value is taken straight out of the filing with the corresponding offset, ex: 0 is most recent, 1 is previous, etc. TTM types are computed in two ways: for income and cash flow statement values are calculated by adding four quarterly values. For balance sheet items, TTM is the average of the trailing four quarters.
The NAHandling parameter is optional and is used to control what happens in preliminary reports where many items could be missing. Preliminary reports are press releases by the company and only affect the most recent ("0") offset period. They can last several weeks and can cause false signals due to incomplete data (see "CompleteStmt" for a way to identify companies with preliminary data).
Three options are available when an NA is found in a preliminary report:
| FALLBACK | this is the default. When an NA is encountered the value is pulled from the offset "1" period. |
| KEEPNA | do nothing. NAs will be preserved, which can cause the entire expression to fail. |
| ZERONA | NAs are converted to 0 |
Pre-built factors are available for convenience and correspond to the following formula syntax:
| Period | Description | Corresponding Parameters |
| Q | Recent Quarter | (0, QTR) |
| PQ | Prior Quarter | (1, QTR) |
| PYQ | Prior Year quarter | (4, QTR) |
| TTM | Trailing Twelve Months | (0, TTM) |
| PTM | Prior Trailing Twelve Months | (4, TTM) |
| A | Recent Annual | (0, ANN) |
| PY | Prior Year | (1, ANN) |
| Gr%PQ | Growth % PQ | (0, QTR) / (1, QTR) |
| Gr%PYQ | Growth % PYQ | (0, QTR) / (4, QTR) |
| Gr%TTM | Growth % TTM | (0, TTM) / (4, TTM) |
| Gr%PQTTM | Growth % TTM 1Q Ago | (0, TTM) / (1, TTM) |
| Gr%A | Growth % Annual | (0, ANN) / (1, ANN) |
| Gr%3Y | Growth % 3 year | (0, ANN) / (3, ANN) annualized |
| Gr%5Y | Growth % 5 year | (0, ANN) / (5, ANN) annualized |
| Gr%10Y | Growth % 10 year | (0, ANN) / (10, ANN) annualized |
| RSD%ANN | RSD % 10Y of annuals |
LoopRelStdDev |
| RSD%TTM | RSD % 5Y of TTM | LoopRelStdDev ("function(CTR*2,TTM)",10,0,1,1)) |
| RegEstTTM | Regression Est 5Y | Eval(LinReg("function(CTR * 2, TTM)", 10) , EstimateY(0), NA) |
| RegGr%TTM | Regression Gr% 5Y | Eval(LinReg("function(CTR * 2, TTM)", 10) ,RegGr%(2), NA) |
| RegEstANN | Regression Est 10Y | Eval(LinReg("function(CTR, ANN)", 10) , EstimateY(0), NA) |
| RegGr%ANN | Regression Gr% 10Y | Eval(LinReg("function(CTR, ANN)", 10) ,RegGr%(1), NA) |
| %SalesQ | % of Q Sales | function(0, QTR) / Sales(0, QRT) |
| %SalesA | % of A Sales | function(0, ANN) / Sales(0, ANN) |
| %AssetQ | % of Q Assets | function(0, QTR) / AstTot(0, QRT) |
| %AssetA | % of A Assets | function(0, ANN) / AstTot(0, ANN) |
| PSQ | Per Share Q | function(0, QTR) / Shares(0, QRT) |
| PSA | Per Share A | function(0, ANN) / Shares(0, ANN) |
| 5YAvg | 5 Year Average | LoopSum("function(CTR, ANN)", 5) / 5 |
NOTE: PTM offset is 4 , not 1, since it uses interim periods
Click Here for the Line-Item Reference Spreadsheet.